薛平贵与王宝钏

Memorial honors Triangle Shirtwaist fire deaths that galvanized labor movement_我的网站

一 |     NEW YORK -- If people really looked for history at the New York City building where the Triangle Shirtwaist factory once existed, they could find it. There are plaques pointing out that it was the site of a horrific fire in 1911 that became a catalyst in the American labor movement's fight for workplace safety protections.But for some, a few words on a wall aren't nearly enough to honor the fire's 146 victims.So after years of effort, the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition on Wednesday is dedicating a new memorial that has no chance of being overlooked.A giant steel ribbon with the names of those who died in the disaster, predominantly women and girls, has been installed running horizontally from one corner of the building. Underneath it, a reflective panel shows the stenciled names as well as quotes from people who were there, describing the mayhem. In the coming weeks, a vertical steel column will be added to the corner to span almost the entire height of the building, a reference to how high up the victims were stuck.It’s the story of desperate immigrant women, mostly Jewish and Italian, who were trapped by a door that was locked because there were no workplace safety rules that said it couldn’t be. Some jumped to their deaths from the windows to avoid the flames.“What they will see is a memorial that tries to build into the object itself the history of the fire, a history of working women, a history of Italians and Jews, a history of tragedy, but then also a history of change,” said Mary Anne Trasciatti, a Hofstra University professor and president of the coalition.The victims were close to the end of their working day on March 25, 1911, when a fire started on the eighth floor of the clothing factory, which took up the top floors of a building now owned by New York University.Frantic workers tried to get out as the flames spread to the ninth and 10th floors, some scrambling to get into an elevator, others heading for the roof. But others who tried to get past a door to escape found it locked, trapping them inside. At a trial of the factory’s owners afterward, some said the door had been kept locked on purpose, over theft concerns.Firefighters responded quickly. But their ladders were too short to get to the topmost floors.Horrified witnesses in the crowd watched as workers leapt from the windows. Among those bystanders was the late Frances Perkins, already an anti-poverty advocate trying to change workplace conditions, and who became even more dedicated after what she saw that day.“It really started her in her push for ‘we have to treat workers better,’” said Ileen DeVault, professor of labor history at Cornell University.Some of her words recollecting the day are part of the memorial, running along the reflective panel. “Every one of them was killed, everybody who jumped was killed.”Perkins would be part of a state commission that put a series of safety rules in place in New York that were emulated elsewhere, and later became an integral part of President Franklin Roosevelt’s cabinet as his secretary of labor. She pushed for policies like minimum wage, workers compensation, and old age pensions.One of the names on the memorial will be that of Rosie Weiner, who died in the blaze, but whose sister and fellow factory worker, Katie Weiner, made it out alive.Later, Weiner would recount how she grabbed an elevator cable to make her escape. Today, her great-niece, Suzanne Pred Bass, is on the board of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition. Growing up, Bass knew her great-aunt had lived through the fire, but it wasn’t until years later that she heard about Rosie.Bass’ mother remembered accompanying her mother as a small child to the pier where the victims' bodies were taken after the fire.“She never forgot that, she was 4 years old and I can only imagine how how scary and awful,” Bass said.Memorial designers Richard Joon Yoo and Uri Wegman wanted to find a way for modern-day people to connect with the fire and its legacy, they said. The public was invited a few years ago to contribute pieces of fabric that were joined together in a 300-foot (91-meter) “Collective Ribbon." That ribbon’s design was then etched onto the memorial steel that rises up toward the top of the building.It was important to make that connection between past and present because issues of labor, workplace protections, and how workers are treated are still far from settled in the country and the world, Yoo and Wegman said.“Everything that it talks about with women workers, immigration, labor, it’s these touch points that just keep on flaring up over and over and over again,” Yoo said, pointing out that industrial disasters, at garment factories and elsewhere, still happen around the globe.The two came up with the design for the memorial about a decade ago. It is coming to fruition, with a capital budget of about $3 million, during a year of labor activism in some U.S. industries, with strikes by auto workers, hospital staff, film and television writers and screen actors.It just shows that the Triangle Shirtwaist fire still has lessons to impart, Bass said.“We forget a tragedy like this at our own peril,” she said. “We have the same issues, immigrant issues, safe working condition issues, abuse of women in the workplace issues. It’s not like any of these issues are all fixed."。      今年上半年，地方一般公共预算本级收入6.88万亿元，同比增长2.7%，增幅比一季度提高0.6个百分点；东部、中部、西部、东北地区收入均保持增长；31个省份中，28个省份收入增长……上半年，各地财政运行情况怎么看？近期，全国31个省、自治区、直辖市陆续“晒账本”，公布上半年财政收支情况。  28个省份财政收入增长  总体看，上半年地方财政运行平稳，地方一般公共预算本级收入6.88万亿元，同比增长2.7%。31个省份中，28个省份收入增长，比一季度收入增长省份多3个。

二 | 分地区看，东部、中部、西部、东北地区收入均保持增长。  总量方面，广东、江苏、浙江等经济大省一般公共预算收入规模稳居全国前三。广东省地方一般公共预算收入7421亿元，同比增长2.8%；江苏省、浙江省上半年一般公共预算收入超过5000亿元。  以江苏为例——上半年，江苏省财政收入端稳中有升，税收占比保持高位。全省一般公共预算收入5941亿元，其中税收收入4545亿元，增长3.4%；税收占比达76.5%，收入结构持续向好。看主要税种，增值税收入增长5.8%，企业所得税收入增长2.5%，反映经营主体活力持续增强。个人所得税收入增长17.4%，反映居民收入、劳动就业保持良好态势。  增速方面，西藏、新疆、甘肃3个省区上半年一般公共预算收入增速居全国前列，分别达到36.9%、10%、8.2%。  从多个省份公布的上半年预算执行情况报告来看，严格预算执行约束、强化基层“三保”是不少地方财政运行中的重点工作——上半年，安徽省财政部门全面审核全省120个地区“三保”预算编制，确保市县足额编制“三保”预算，强化“三保”运行监测，上半年全省市县“三保”支出完成预算的52.5%，基层运转总体平稳；辽宁省人大常委会在审议该省上半年预算执行情况报告时建议，应大力优化财政支出结构，强化重大工程、重点项目、基本民生等重点领域财力保障，推动经济高质量发展，增进民生福祉。  地方财政收支平衡有保障  今年以来，各项财政政策进展顺利，为保障国家重大战略任务落实、保障和改善民生、促进地方财政平稳运行发挥了积极作用。  支出方面，上半年地方一般公共预算支出122111亿元，同比增长0.6%，广东、四川、江苏一般公共预算支出规模居全国前列，各省份民生等重点领域支出保持韧性——上半年，广东民生支出占地方一般公共预算支出比重约3/4；江苏、浙江社会保障和就业支出增速超7%；山东卫生健康支出增长14.6%……民生支出是各地财政运行的“重头戏”。  地方财力保障更强——今年，中央财政安排对地方转移支付10.42万亿元，资金规模连续四年保持在10万亿元以上；下达均衡性转移支付2.83万亿元，比上年增长3.7%。同时，财政部还压减部分专项转移支付用于增加财力性转移支付，选择部分省份探索开展整合统筹使用转移支付资金试点，增强地方自主财力和统筹能力；在育儿补贴、学前一年免保育教育费等方面，阶段性提高中央负担比例，缓解地方财政支出压力，支持地方财政平稳运行。  针对“今年一季度，全国所有省份财政自给率低于100%，无一省份实现财政自平衡”的说法，财政部预算司副司长唐在富表示，财政自给率是指一个地区一般公共预算收入与一般公共预算支出的比值。按照中国预算制度，地方一般公共预算支出来源中，除自身一般公共预算收入外，还包括上级转移支付、从政府性基金预算和国有资本经营预算调入资金、使用上年结转结余等。

三 |   “由于地方一般公共预算收入只是支出的来源之一，财政自给率低于100%是常态。尽管地方财政自给率低于100%，但中央财政加大了对地方的转移支付力度，地方财政可以实现收支平衡。”唐在富说。  地方专项债发行使用加快  用好地方专项债资金，是各地落实更加积极财政政策的重要一环。今年，全国新增地方政府债务限额5.2万亿元，其中新增地方政府专项债务限额4.4万亿元，支持建设重大项目、置换隐性债务、消化政府拖欠账款等。  总体看，上半年各地主要聚焦落实专项债券管理新机制、加强专项债券发行使用管理，专项债券政策效应持续释放，一批重大项目开工建设，存量隐性债务有序置换，发行进度达47%。  从投向上看，相关资金主要用于市政和产业园区基础设施、交通基础设施、城市更新和社会事业等重点领域，其中用于项目资本金超1700亿元，更好发挥政府投资“四两拨千斤”撬动作用。

四 | 从管理上看，财政部门加强了专项债券资金穿透式监管，开展专项债券资金使用情况“扫描式”核查；同时，加强专项债券项目资产管理，建立专项债券项目资产台账，推动形成从资金管理到资产管理、从债务端到资产端的管理闭环。  今年，河北、江西、湖北、重庆被纳入新增地方专项债“自审自发”试点范围。据了解，上述省市制定了本地区试点工作方案，明确项目筛选、资金使用、资金监管、债务偿还等各环节责任任务，聚焦强化部门协同、项目储备提质增效，发行使用进度明显加快。  财政部债务管理司副司长赵则永表示，财政部将指导督促各地进一步强化专项债券“借用管还”闭环管理：在项目谋划之初，加强部门协同配合和审核把关；更好统筹资金使用和项目建设，加快资金拨付使用进度，尽快形成实物工作量；严格落实“负面清单”管理，规范项目资产管理，提高投后管理科学性和规范性；加快建立偿债备付金制度，编制好还本付息归集计划，做好项目运营收益征缴，切实提高偿债能力。（记者 汪文正）。

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